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1.
Int J Endocrinol Metab ; 21(3): e136900, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38028246

RESUMO

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon transient neuroradiological phenomenon that develops vasogenic cerebral edema and could be caused by some pharmacological agents, such as molecular-specific target agents. Lenvatinib belongs to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors and was approved in 2015 for progressive locally advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine (I-131) treatment. Herein, we present the case of a 65-year-old woman who, while receiving treatment with lenvatinib for radioiodine-refractory metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma, developed PRES without hypertension at the initial evaluation. Her clinical and radiological findings improved after withdrawing from the mentioned therapy, and later it was possible to re-incorporate lower doses of the medication, as described in the other three case reports found in the worldwide medical literature. The recognition of this entity is essential to timely suspend the drug and avoid greater comorbidity. This is the first paper reporting this kind of adverse event using lenvatinib in a Hispanic population.

2.
Iatreia ; 35(2): 183-192, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421632

RESUMO

Resumen El complejo de Carney es una enfermedad caracterizada por lesiones en la piel, tumores endocrinos, cardiacos, gonadales y en otros órganos, que está asociada con mutaciones del gen PRKAR1A. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con varias de las manifestaciones más características de este síndrome. Finalmente, se hace una revisión de la literatura.


Abstract Carney complex is a disease characterized by skin lesions, endocrine, cardiac, gonadal and other organ tumors, associated with mutations of the PRKAR1A gene. We present the clinical case of a patient with several of the most characteristic manifestations of this syndrome. Finally, there will be a review of the literature.

3.
Iatreia ; 34(2): 137-150, abr.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250064

RESUMO

RESUMEN Los glucocorticoides son medicamentos ampliamente usados para el manejo de muchas enfermedades crónicas; a pesar de esto, están asociados con múltiples efectos adversos que pueden afectar diferentes órganos. En la presente revisión se hará una descripción de los efectos derivados del uso de estos sobre el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenales y los diferentes sistemas, haciendo énfasis en el sistema cardiovascular y óseo.


SUMMARY Glucocorticoids are widely used medications for the management of many chronic diseases, but they are associated with multiple adverse effects that can affect different organs. In the present review, a description will be made of the effects derived from the use of these medications on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and other systems, with emphasis on the cardiovascular system and bone.


Assuntos
Humanos , Glucocorticoides , Osso e Ossos , Doença Crônica , Afeto
4.
Iatreia ; 34(2): 161-171, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250067

RESUMO

RESUMEN El coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave es el tercer betacoronavirus desde el año 2003 capaz de ocasionar una infección del tracto respiratorio inferior, llevando, en casos críticos, al síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda y la muerte. La edad avanzada, la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus son, entre otros, tres factores determinantes en los peores desenlaces clínicos. Múltiples mecanismos pueden explicar la mayor susceptibilidad de las personas diabéticas a las infecciones respiratorias. La hiperglucemia crónica altera tanto a la inmunidad humoral como al celular. Esta enfermedad predispone a la sobreexpresión de la proteína de la membrana celular que sirve como receptora del virus y a una respuesta inflamatoria exacerbada, aumentando el riesgo de una descompensación y de la aparición de crisis hiperglicémicas. Ante la ausencia de un tratamiento efectivo o de una vacuna, todos los esfuerzos deben hacerse para procurar un buen control metabólico de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus con y sin COVID-19. Por lo anterior, se plantean en este artículo de reflexión, diferentes propuestas para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, sin descartar la forma ambulatoria, en donde la telemedicina y otras tecnologías permitirán acortar la distancia y mantener las medidas de aislamiento preventivo.


SUMMARY Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the third beta-coronavirus since 2003 capable of causing lower respiratory tract infection, leading to severe cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Advanced age, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus are three predictors of worse clinical outcomes. Multiple mechanisms could explain the greater susceptibility of diabetic people to respiratory infections. Chronic hyperglycemia alters both humoral and cellular immunity. This disease predisposes to virus receptor overexpression and an exaggerated inflammatory response, increasing the risk of decompensation and hyperglycemic crises. In the absence of an effective vaccine or treatment for the virus, this vicious circle should be stopped with an emphasis on controlling glucose. This paper presents different proposals for the treatment of diabetes mellitus both on an outpatient basis where telemedicine and other technologies will make it possible to continue adequate ambulatory care to maintain preventive isolation measures up to care in the intensive care unit.


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Telemedicina , Pandemias , Controle Glicêmico , Glucose
5.
Arch Endocrinol Metab ; 64(6): 687-694, 2021 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34033277

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe the clinical features of patients with ectopic Cushing syndrome (ECS) from Colombia and compare these findings with other series to provide the best management for these patients. METHODS: Records of patients with ECS from 1986 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed; patients with a diagnosis of adrenal or pituitary Cushing syndrome (CS) were excluded. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with ECS were analyzed in this study. The mean age was 54.4 (SD 17.1) years, and the female to male ratio was 1.33:1. Regarding the etiology of ECS, four patients had lung carcinoids (28.6%), three had small-cell lung carcinoma (21.4%), three had pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (21.4%), one had medullary thyroid cancer (7.1%), one had non-metastatic pheochromocytoma (7.1%), one had metastatic thymoma (7.1%) and one patient had an occult source of ACTH (7.1%). The most common clinical features at presentation were moon-face, muscle weakness, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hyperpigmentation was present in 36% of patients, and 12 patients had hypokalemia with a mean value of 2.3 mEq/L (SD 0.71). The median basal cortisol, 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) and ACTH were 30.5 ug/dL (IQR 21-59 ug/dL), 2,600 ug/24 h (IQR 253-6,487 ug/24 h) and 91 pg/mL (IQR 31.9-141.9), respectively. Thirteen patients (92.8%) had the site of the primary lesion identified. Six patients had undergone a surgical intervention to address the primary tumor. Resection was curative in 28.5% of patients. Death occurred in 57.1% of patients, and the median overall survival was 27 months. Intrathoracic tumors had the most aggressive behavior. CONCLUSION: ECS is a rare disease; however, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A rapid intervention supported by an interdisciplinary group is required to improve overall survival and quality of life.


Assuntos
Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico , Síndrome de Cushing , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/diagnóstico , Colômbia , Síndrome de Cushing/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 64(6): 687-694, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142207

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective The aim was to describe the clinical features of patients with ectopic Cushing syndrome (ECS) from Colombia and compare these findings with other series to provide the best management for these patients. Materials and methods Records of patients with ECS from 1986 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed; patients with a diagnosis of adrenal or pituitary Cushing syndrome (CS) were excluded. Results Fourteen patients with ECS were analyzed in this study. The mean age was 54.4 (SD 17.1) years, and the female to male ratio was 1.33:1. Regarding the etiology of ECS, four patients had lung carcinoids (28.6%), three had small-cell lung carcinoma (21.4%), three had pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (21.4%), one had medullary thyroid cancer (7.1%), one had non-metastatic pheochromocytoma (7.1%), one had metastatic thymoma (7.1%) and one patient had an occult source of ACTH (7.1%). The most common clinical features at presentation were moon-face, muscle weakness, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hyperpigmentation was present in 36% of patients, and 12 patients had hypokalemia with a mean value of 2.3 mEq/L (SD 0.71). The median basal cortisol, 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) and ACTH were 30.5 ug/dL (IQR 21-59 ug/dL), 2,600 ug/24 h (IQR 253-6,487 ug/24 h) and 91 pg/mL (IQR 31.9-141.9), respectively. Thirteen patients (92.8%) had the site of the primary lesion identified. Six patients had undergone a surgical intervention to address the primary tumor. Resection was curative in 28.5% of patients. Death occurred in 57.1% of patients, and the median overall survival was 27 months. Intrathoracic tumors had the most aggressive behavior. Conclusions ECS is a rare disease; however, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A rapid intervention supported by an interdisciplinary group is required to improve overall survival and quality of life


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico , Síndrome de Cushing/etiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colômbia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
7.
Iatreia ; 33(2): 133-142, 20200000. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1114785

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la experiencia de los pacientes con insulinoma, diagnosticados y tratados entre los años 2002 y 2017 en tres hospitales de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes con criterios bioquímicos para hipoglucemia hiperinsulínica y confirmación histopatológica de insulinoma. Resultados: se estudiaron 19 casos, 10 eran mujeres (52,6 %), la edad media al diagnóstico fue 43 años (D.E 15,5). Hubo cuatro casos de insulinoma multifocal (21,1 %), tres asociados con NEM-1 (15,8 %) y dos malignos (10,6 %). Todos presentaron hipoglucemia en ayunas y 63,2 % posprandial. En la prueba de ayuno, el nadir de glucemia sucedió antes de 48 horas en todos los casos, en promedio 9 horas (D.E 8,0). El diagnóstico bioquímico fue realizado con hipoglucemia e insulina elevada en todos los casos, aunque el péptido C fue reportado en nueve pacientes (47,3 %) y las sulfonilureas en dos (11,1 %). La localización preoperatoria se hizo por imágenes en 12 individuos (68,5 %) y las pruebas invasivas fueron necesarias en seis (31,5 %). Las pruebas diagnósticas fueron positivas en un 83 % para resonancia, 50 % para ecografía endoscópica y prueba de estímulo intraarterial con calcio y 100 % para ecografía intraoperatoria. La cirugía se realizó en 18 casos (94,7 %). La mortalidad (15,8 %) fue derivada de complicaciones en el posoperatorio temprano; la curación se logró en todos los casos. Conclusiones: el insulinoma en nuestro medio tiene características demográficas y clínicas similares a otras series. Existen limitaciones locales para el acceso a los estudios bioquímicos y en el rendimiento diagnóstico de las pruebas de localización.


SUMMARY Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics of patients with insulinoma in three hospitals in Medellín, Colombia, between 2002 and 2017. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and histologic confirmation of insulinoma was conducted. Results: A total of 19 cases were identified. Ten women (52.6 %) and 9 males (47.4 %). The mean age at diagnosis was 43 years (S.D: 15.5). Four cases had multifocal insulinoma (21.1%), 3 cases were secondary to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (15.8 %), and 2 of them were malignant (10.6 %). All patients presented fasting hypo-glycemia, and 63.2% presented post-prandial hypoglycemia. Glucose nadir in the fasting test occurred in the first 48 hours in all cases, with a mean time to hypoglycemia of 9 hours (S.D 8.0). The biochemical diagnosis was done with increased insulin in the presence of hypoglycemia. C-peptide was done in 9 patients (47.3 %), and sulfonylureas in 2 cases (11.1 %). Preoperative localization was done by imaging in 12 cases (68.5 %), and invasive tests were required in 6 cases (31.5 %). Localization tests were positive as follows: magnetic resonance imaging in 83%, endoscopic ultrasound in 50%, selective intra-arterial calcium injection in 50 %, and intraoperative ultrasound in 100%. Eighteen patients (94. 7%) underwent surgery. Mortality (15.8 %) was secondary to early post-operative complications. Conclusions: The characteristics of patients with insulinoma in Medellín are similar to other series. However, there are important local limitations for proper biochemical testing and imaging localization. This is the largest study in our country.


Assuntos
Humanos , Insulinoma , Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Hipoglicemia
8.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 20(4): 175-182, oct.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-959872

RESUMO

El síndrome de Cushing es una enfermedad muy rara pero asociada a una morbimortalidad significativa. Se clasifica como dependiente de la hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH: tumores hipofisiarios y ectópicos) o independiente de ACTH (lesiones de origen adrenal). En la mayoría de los casos, las lesiones responsables del síndrome corresponden a tumores hipofisiarios, seguida de lesiones adrenales y por último de tumores ectópicos (5-15% de todos los casos). En este artículo se hará una revisión de los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos más importantes de los tumores ectópicos causantes del síndrome de Cushing.


Cushing's syndrome is a very rare disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is classified as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent (Pituitary and ectopic tumors) or ACTH independent (lesions of adrenal origin). In most cases, pituitary tumors are responsible for the Cushing's syndrome, followed by adrenal lesions and finally by ectopic tumors (5-15% of all cases). This article describes the most important epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of ectopic tumors causing Cushing's syndrome.


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico , Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Síndrome de Cushing , Síndromes Endócrinas Paraneoplásicas , Tumor Carcinoide
9.
Med. lab ; 21(3/4): 111-130, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-907765

RESUMO

Resumen: el feocromocitoma es una enfermedad poco frecuente, correspondiente a un tumor derivadode las células cromafines, originado en la médula de la glándula suprarrenal. Cuando este tumor se origina en los paraganglios el término correcto es paraganglioma. Las manifestaciones clínicas son variables y secundarias a la masa tumoral o a la producción exagerada de catecolaminas. Los síntomas originados por el crecimiento de la masa tumoral incluyen dolor abdominal, malestar epigástrico, obstrucción de estructuras cercanas como la vía biliar y los uréteres, y, cuando está localizado en otros sitios como el mediastino, disnea. Los síntomas secundarios a la hiperproducción de catecolaminas son diaforesis, palpitaciones, cefalea, crisis hipertensivas, hipertensión sostenida, constipación, náuseas, vómito y, en la forma más exagerada, crisis catecolaminérgicas. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante la medición de metanefrinas libres en orina de 24 horas o en plasma, y como alternativa se puede realizar medición de catecolaminas en orina de 24 horas. La medición de ácido vanilmandélico es poco sensible, lo mismo que la medición de catecolaminas en plasma, la cual no es recomendada. El tratamiento de esta enfermedad es quirúrgico. En aquellos pacientes con feocromocitomamaligno o paraganglioma se puede realizar una estrategia de observación activa y en quienes tengan progresión de la enfermedad el uso de quimioterapia o, según el grado de compromiso, el uso de metayodobencilguanidina marcada con yodo-131 es la terapia de elección. El uso de terapia molecular diana utilizando inhibidores de tirosina quinasa es un área de investigación activa.


Abstract: Pheochromocytoma is a rare disease, corresponding to a tumor originated in the chromaphincells, and located in the adrenal medulla. When the tumor is located in the paraganglia the appropriate term is paraganglioma. Clinical manifestations are variable and secondary to the tumoral local extension or to the overproduction of catecholamines. Symptoms secondary to local growth of the tumor includes abdominal pain, epigastric discomfort, obstruction of nearby structures such as biliary tree and ureters, and when is located in other regions such as the mediastinum, dyspnea. Symptoms secondary to overproduction of catecholamines are diaphoresis, headache, hypertensive emergencies, sustained hypertension, constipation, nausea, vomiting and, in the most extreme form, catecholaminergic crisis. Diagnosis is based on the measurement of free plasmatic or urinary metanephrines.As an alternative can be used 24 hours urinary catecholamines. The detection of vanillylmandelic acid and plasma catecholamines has poor sensibility and is no longer recommended. The treatment of this entity is surgical resection. In those patients with malignant pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma an observation and watch strategy can be used. If disease progression is detected, the use of chemotherapy or iodine-131-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine, according to the severity of compromise, is the next step. The use of targeted molecular therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitoris an area under active research.


Assuntos
Humanos , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino , Catecolaminas , Metanefrina , Paraganglioma , Feocromocitoma
10.
Iatreia ; 27(1): 90-98, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708910

RESUMO

Se describe el caso de una paciente evaluada a los 29 años por un tumor tiroideo, clasificado inicialmente como un carcinoma insular de tiroides; presentaba gran compromiso tumoral en cuello, mediastino y pulmones. Tres años después de recibir tratamiento específico para su neoplasia tiroidea, desarrolló un síndrome de Cushing y lesiones hepáticas sugestivas de metástasis del tumor primario. Al revisar la patología se encontró, en lo que inicialmente se había clasificado como un carcinoma insular, un carcinoma medular de tiroides productor de hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH). Con base en este caso, se presenta una revisión de la literatura médica sobre el tema.


Cushing syndrome secondary to a medullary thyroid carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature We report the case of a 29-year old female who was evaluated because of a thyroid tumor. The initial pathological classification was an insular thyroid carcinoma. There was strong involvement in the neck, mediastinum and lungs. Three years after receiving specific therapy for her thyroid neoplasia, she developed a Cushing syndrome and liver lesions suggestive of metastases from the primary tumor. A review of the previous pathological material revealed a medullary thyroid carcinoma producing ACTH, instead of the insular carcinoma. Based on this case a review of the literature is presented.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/etiologia , Síndrome de Cushing , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico
11.
Iatreia ; 26(2): 197-206, abr.-jun. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-675161

RESUMO

Introducción: el nódulo tiroideo es un hallazgo común en la actualidad, cuya incidencia viene en aumento. El objetivo principal durante la evaluación es distinguir el nódulo benigno del maligno. Materiales y métodos: se hizo una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante búsqueda en Ovid, Medline y Lilacs desde 1950 a 2010. Resultados: la mayoría de los nódulos tiroideos son benignos, solo 4% a 8% de los casos pueden ser malignos. Los nódulos mayores de un centímetro se deben estudiar mediante aspirado con aguja fina; sin embargo, se deben tener en cuenta las características clínicas del paciente y las características ecográficas del nódulo. Entre los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de nódulo están la edad por encima de 45 años, el sexo femenino y el tabaquismo. No se recomienda la medición de marcadores tumorales en el estudio de los pacientes con nódulo tiroideo. Conclusión: la ecografía de tiroides y el aspirado con aguja fina son los métodos diagnósticos más importantes en la evaluación del nódulo tiroideo y han permitido cambiar las conductas terapéuticas disminuyendo el número de tiroidectomías innecesarias. El tratamiento y el pronóstico dependen de los factores de riesgo y de los hallazgos citológicos y patológicos.


Introduction: Thyroid nodules are commonly found, and their incidence is increasing. The main objective during the evaluation of these nodules is to determine if they are benign or malignant. Materials and methods: We made a narrative review of the literature by searching Ovid, Medline and Lilacs from 1950 to 2010. Results: Most thyroid nodules are benign, but in 4% to 8% of cases they may be malignant, hence the importance of appropriate study and management. Nodules larger than 1 cm should undergo fine needle aspirate; however, the clinical features of the patient and the characteristics of the nodule on ultrasound assessment should always be taken into account. The following are risk factors associated with the presence of thyroid nodules: age over 45 years, female gender and smoking. The measurement of tumor markers in the initial study of patients with thyroid nodule is not recommended. Conclusion: Ultrasound and thyroid fine needle aspirate are the most important diagnostic methods in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, because they enable to make changes in therapeutic decisions thus decreasing the number of unnecessary thyroidectomies. Treatment and prognosis of thyroid nodules will depend on the patient's risk factors and the cytological and pathological findings.


Assuntos
Humanos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide
12.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 24(2): 307-320, ene.-jun. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-683052

RESUMO

La osteonecrosis de mandíbula es una entidad que se viene describiendo desde 2003 y se define como la presencia de un defecto en la mucosa oral que lleva a exposición del hueso de la mandíbula y del maxilar que falla en cicatrizar en un periodo de ocho semanas, en un paciente en tratamiento con bifosfonatos y sin exposición previa a radioterapia en cuello o en la cabeza. En este artículo se hace una revisión de la literatura respecto a la epidemiología, la fisiopatología, los estudios diagnósticos, y los aspectos de prevención y tratamiento de esta entidad.


Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been described since 2003 and it is defined as the presence of a defect in the oral mucosa leading to exposure of the mandibular and maxillary bones, and failing to heal over a period of eight weeks in a patient treated with bisphosphonates and without prior exposure to radiation therapy on the head or neck. This article is a review of the literature regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic studies, and several aspects related to prevention and treatment of this entity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos , Osteonecrose , Osteoporose
13.
Med. lab ; 19(3-4): 161-171, 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-834744

RESUMO

El síndrome de resistencia a las hormonas tiroideas es una entidad poco frecuente que se caracteriza por concentraciones elevadas de tiroxina libre y triyodotironina libre, tirotropina normal o ligeramente elevada, en ausencia de cualquier otra enfermedad, medicación o antagonista que causen alteraciones sobre la función tiroidea. Se reporta un caso de una mujer a quien se le realizó diagnóstico de resistencia a las hormonas tiroideas con base en los antecedentes personales, las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos de laboratorio; además, se realiza una revisión de la literatura, con énfasis en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enfermedad.


The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormones is a rare disease characterized by high levels of both free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine, as well as normal or slightly elevated levels of thyrotropin in absence of any disease, medication or antagonist that cause alterations on thyroid function. It is reported a case of a woman who was diagnosed with syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormones based on personal history, signs and symptoms, and laboratory findings. In addition, a literature review is presented, with emphasis in diagnosis and treatment of the disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Receptores dos Hormônios Tireóideos , Hormônios Tireóideos
14.
Med. lab ; 19(9-10): 411-450, 2013. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-834762

RESUMO

Resumen: El síndrome de Cushing endógeno es una de las enfermedades más difíciles de estudiar, dado que sus diferentes etiologías requieren una cuidadosa valoración diagnóstica desde el punto de vista clínico, bioquímico y radiológico. Con frecuencia, las características clínicas se solapan con las de enfermedades comunes y algunos pacientes tienen una presentación atípica. Una vez se establece la sospecha clínica, las pruebas bioquímicas de tamizaje permiten definir si existe un estado de hipercor-tisolismo endógeno; en caso afirmativo, el estudio prosigue con pruebas de laboratorio que ayudan a localizar la causa de la hipercortisolemia. En este punto es fundamental determinar si se trata de un síndrome de Cushing dependiente o no dependiente de hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH) y en caso que sea dependiente, diferenciar entre origen hipofisario y un origen ectópico de la enfermedad. Dicha situación se puede resolver mediante el cateterismo y muestreo de los senos petrosos inferiores, el cual es un procedimiento invasivo y sensible para el diagnóstico diferencial entre el tumor hipofisario y el tumor ectópico secretor de ACTH...


Abstract: Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome is one of the most difficult diseases to study. It has different etiologies and requires a careful clinical, biochemical, and radiological diagnosis. Often, its signs and symptoms overlap those of common diseases and some patients have atypical presentations. Once the clinical suspicion is established, screening biochemical tests allow identifying of endogenous hypercortisolism.After identification, it is necessary to use the appropriate diagnostic approach that helps to recognize the source of hypercortisolism. It then becomes imperative to differentiate between an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent or ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome. In the case of an ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, one must further distinguish between pituitary and ectopic etiology. This diagnostic challenge can be solved with inferior petrosal sinus sampling, an invasive but sensitive procedure used to discriminate between ACTH-producing pituitary or ectopic ACTH-producing tumors...


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Cushing , Amostragem do Seio Petroso , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH
15.
Med. lab ; 19(9-10): 473-486, 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-834765

RESUMO

Introducción: El síndrome de Cushing, aunque poco frecuente, se asocia a una morbimortalidad significativa.En nuestro medio, no se cuenta aún con estudios que reporten las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de esta entidad. Por esta razón, en este estudio se describen los datos recopilados durante 24 años en 30 pacientes con síndrome de Cushing en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Métodos:Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, donde se evaluó el diagnóstico, tratamiento y desenlaces de pacientes con síndrome de Cushing, atendidos entre mayo de 1986 y enero de 2010 en los servicios de Endocrinología de la Universidad de Antioquia, Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación. Resultados:Se encontraron seis casos de síndrome de Cushing independiente de la hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH), cuatro de origen ectópico y 20 de origen hipofisario. En las pruebas bioquímicas, solo hubo diferencias significativas en la prueba de supresión con dosis altas de dexametasona en la enfermedadde Cushing.


Introduction: Although Cushing’s syndrome is an uncommon disease, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus far, there are no reports of the clinical and epidemiological characteristicsof this entity in our country. Consequently, this study was conducted to analyze data collected over 24 years in 30 patients with Cushing’s syndrome in the city of Medellin, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic approach, treatment and outcomes of patients with Cushing’s syndrome between May, 1986 and January, 2010 in the Endocrinology Service at the University of Antioquia and in the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación. Results: We found six cases of ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome, four ectopic tumors and 20 tumors of pituitaryorigin. Regarding biochemical tests, there was statistically significant difference in suppression test with high-dose dexamethasone in Cushing’s disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Cushing , Tratamento Farmacológico , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH
16.
Iatreia ; 25(4): 391-397, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-659359

RESUMO

La hipertrigliceridemia (HTG) es una causa potencial de pancreatitis aguda (PA), especialmente cuando su valor es mayor de 1.000 mg/dL. Se han propuesto diferentes medidas para el tratamiento de pacientes con PA secundaria a HTG, entre ellas la que parece ser más efectiva: la plasmaféresis. Se reporta el caso de un paciente con HTG grave (triglicéridos de 6.480 mg/dL) que presentó una PA y cuya evolución fue favorable con la plasmaféresis.


Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a potential cause of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially when its value is higher than 1.000 mg/dL. Different therapeutic measures have been proposed for patients with AP secondary to HTG, including the one that seems to be more effective: plasmapheresis. We report the case of a patient with severe HTG (triglycerides 6.480 mg/dL) that suffered from AP, and had favorable evolution with plasmapheresis.


Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Hipertrigliceridemia , Pancreatite , Plasmaferese , Relatos de Casos
17.
Med. lab ; 18(5-6): 253-260, 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-834722

RESUMO

Resumen: El síndrome de Berardinelli-Seip, una lipodistrofia congénita, es una enfermedad metabólicarara que se caracteriza por una lipodistrofia generalizada grave, resistencia a la insulinay dislipidemia. La enfermedad se asocia con varias manifestaciones dermatológicas y sistémicas.Las complicaciones incluyen miocardiopatía hipertrófica, hígado graso con disfunción hepática,hipertrofia muscular y varias alteraciones endocrinas. Se presenta un caso de este tipode lipodistrofia en una mujer de 18 años de edad, que ingresa con un cuadro de hiperglucemia sinevidencia de cetoacidosis o de estado hiperosmolar hiperglucémico, con hepatomegalia, signosde resistencia a la insulina y ausencia de tejido adiposo. Después de los análisis complementarios,se le diagnosticó síndrome de Berardinelli-Seip. El reconocimiento temprano de la lipodistrofiacongénita es esencial para prevenir las complicaciones, y permite una asesoría genética y reproductivade los pacientes y sus familias. Se incluye también una breve revisión de la literatura.


Abstract: Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy is a rare metabolic disorder characterized bysevere generalized lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, and dyslipedemia. The condition is associatedwith various dermatological and systemic manifestations. Complications include hypertrophiccardiomyopathy, a fatty liver with hepatic dysfunction, muscular hypetrophy, and various endocrinedisturbances. We report a case of this form of lipodystrophy in an 18-year-old female who wasadmitted with hyperglycaemia without evidence of ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolarstate, with hepatomegaly, signs of insulin resistance and absence of adipose tissue. After furtherinvestigation, a diagnosis of Berardinelli-Seip syndrome was made. Early recognition of congenitallipodystrophy is essential to prevent complications, and allows genetic and reproductive counselingto patients and their families. A brief review of the literature is also included.


Assuntos
Humanos , Acantose Nigricans , Diabetes Mellitus , Hepatomegalia , Lipodistrofia
18.
Med. lab ; 15(9/10): 411-430, oct. 2009. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-582186

RESUMO

el síndrome de Cushing se presenta como resultado de la exposición a altas concentraciones de cortisol. A pesar de que se considera una enfermedad rara, se caracteriza por una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, si no se trata; por lo tanto, el diagnóstico temprano y la identificación de su causa son indispensables para un manejo adecuado del paciente. El diagnóstico de síndrome de Cushing es un desafío para el endocrinólogo, quien debe conocer la utilidad y la correcta interpretación de las pruebas diagnósticas...


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH , Síndrome de Cushing/classificação
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